The Indian Armed Forces (Devanāgarī: भारतीय सशस्त्र सेनाएं, Bhāratīya Saśastra Sēnāēṃ) is the overall unified military of the Republic of India encompassing the Indian Army, the Indian Navy, the Indian Air Force and various other inter-service institutions.
With an estimated total active force of 1,325,000 personnel,[4] India maintains the world's second largest armed forces.[5] Auxiliary services include the Indian Coast Guard, the Central Paramilitary Forces (CPF) and the Strategic Forces Command. India's official defense budget stands at $32.35 billion[6] but the actual spending on the armed forces is estimated to be much higher than that.[7] Undergoing rapid expansion and modernization[8], the Indian Armed Forces plans to have an active military space program[9] and is currently developing a potent missile defense shield[10] and nuclear triad capability.[11]
India is moving to build a $2 billion or Rs 9,970.16 crore dedicated, highly secure and state-of-the-art optical fiber cable (OFC) network for the Army, Navy and Air Force. This will be one of the world’s largest, closed user group (CUG) networks for exclusive use by the million-plus personnel of the Indian armed forces.[12]
Friday, February 26, 2010
India Economy
The economic development in India followed a socialist-inspired policies for most of its independent history, including state-ownership of many sectors; extensive regulation and red tape known as "Licence Raj"; and isolation from the world economy. India's per capita income increased at only around 1% annualized rate in the three decades after Independence. Since the mid-1980s, India has slowly opened up its markets through economic liberalization. After more fundamental reforms since 1991 and their renewal in the 2000s, India has progressed towards a market-based system.
In the late 2000s, India's growth has reached 7.5%, which will double the average income in a decade.Analysts say that if India pushed more fundamental market reforms, it could sustain the rate and even reach the government's 2011 target of 10%.[1] States have large responsibilities over their economies. The annualized 1999-2008 growth rates for Gujarat (8.8%), Haryana (8.7%), or Delhi (7.4%) were significantly higher than for Bihar (5.1%), Uttar Pradesh (4.4%), or Madhya Pradesh (3.5%). India is the twelfth-largest economy in the world and the fourth largest by purchasing power parity adjusted exchange rates (PPP). On per capita basis, it ranks 128th in the world or 118th by PPP. Although living standards are rising fast, 75.6% of the population still lives on less than $2 a day (PPP, around $0.5 in nominal terms), compared to 73.0% in Sub-Saharan Africa. In terms of occupation, two-thirds of the Indian workforce earn their livelihood directly or indirectly through agriculture in rural villages. As a proportion of GDP, towns and cities make over two thirds of the Indian economy.
The progress of economic reforms in India is followed closely. The World Bank suggests that the most important priorities are public sector reform, infrastructure, agricultural and rural development, removal of labor regulations, reforms in lagging states, and HIV/AIDS.India ranked 120th on the Ease of Doing Business Index in 2008, compared with 83rd for China and 122nd for Brazil.
In the late 2000s, India's growth has reached 7.5%, which will double the average income in a decade.Analysts say that if India pushed more fundamental market reforms, it could sustain the rate and even reach the government's 2011 target of 10%.[1] States have large responsibilities over their economies. The annualized 1999-2008 growth rates for Gujarat (8.8%), Haryana (8.7%), or Delhi (7.4%) were significantly higher than for Bihar (5.1%), Uttar Pradesh (4.4%), or Madhya Pradesh (3.5%). India is the twelfth-largest economy in the world and the fourth largest by purchasing power parity adjusted exchange rates (PPP). On per capita basis, it ranks 128th in the world or 118th by PPP. Although living standards are rising fast, 75.6% of the population still lives on less than $2 a day (PPP, around $0.5 in nominal terms), compared to 73.0% in Sub-Saharan Africa. In terms of occupation, two-thirds of the Indian workforce earn their livelihood directly or indirectly through agriculture in rural villages. As a proportion of GDP, towns and cities make over two thirds of the Indian economy.
The progress of economic reforms in India is followed closely. The World Bank suggests that the most important priorities are public sector reform, infrastructure, agricultural and rural development, removal of labor regulations, reforms in lagging states, and HIV/AIDS.India ranked 120th on the Ease of Doing Business Index in 2008, compared with 83rd for China and 122nd for Brazil.
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